doi.org/10.1007/s10714-026-03528-z
Credibility: 959
#Black Hole
In the 1970s, Stephen Hawking proposed that black holes are not completely black: they emit weak radiation and, over time, eventually evaporate completely
However, this idea creates a major problem with the laws of quantum mechanics, known as the information loss paradox.
Imagine throwing a book into a fire.
The book burns and turns into smoke, ashes, and heat, but in principle, it would be possible to reconstruct all the words from these remnants-the information doesn’t disappear, it just gets scrambled.
In the case of a black hole, if it evaporates completely, all the information about what fell into it seems to vanish forever.
This violates a fundamental principle of quantum physics, which states that information can never be destroyed.
A new theoretical study suggests a way out of this impasse.
According to the researchers, black holes do not evaporate completely.
Instead, at the end of the process, they leave behind small, stable “remnants” that hold all the information the black hole swallowed throughout its existence.
But there is an important condition: for this to work, the Universe needs to have seven dimensions in total.
We perceive only three dimensions of space and one of time (four in total).
The model proposes that there are three extra dimensions, so small and curled up that we cannot perceive them directly.
These extra dimensions form a very symmetrical geometric structure, called G? geometry.
This configuration generates an effect called spacetime warping-a kind of “twisting” that produces a repulsive force on extremely small scales.
When the black hole shrinks due to Hawking radiation and reaches a minuscule size, this repulsive force acts as a brake.
It prevents the black hole from disappearing altogether, stabilizing it into a microscopic remnant with a mass about 10 billion times smaller than that of an electron.
This tiny remnant is capable of storing the information that was swallowed, encoded in subtle oscillations called quasi-normal modes.
Thus, the information is not lost and the laws of quantum mechanics are respected.
Interestingly, the same torsion mechanism also helps explain the Higgs mechanism, which gives mass to elementary particles, connecting the physics of black holes with the world of subatomic particles.
The study does not solve all the problems of quantum gravity-at such small scales, a complete theory uniting quantum mechanics with gravity is still needed.
However, it offers a concrete explanation of how new physical effects can prevent total evaporation and preserve information.
The authors acknowledge that testing the idea directly is very difficult, as it involves extremely high energies, beyond the reach of current accelerators.
Even so, the model makes clear predictions, such as the existence of particles associated with extra dimensions with extremely high masses.
If these lighter particles were detected, the model would be discarded.
Future observations of primordial black holes or gravitational waves could also provide indirect clues.
If confirmed, this concept that black holes leave behind small, information-laden remnants could change our understanding of gravity, quantum mechanics, and the very structure of the Universe.
Published in 04/17/2026 17h00
Text adapted by AI (Grok) and translated via Google API in the English version. Images from public image libraries or credits in the caption. Information about DOI, author and institution can be found in the body of the article.
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